Manage What You Measure
Measurement is the cornerstone of evaluation. In Healthcare, objective metrics help us assess treatment protocols and relative outcomes. From this process we establish standards that serve as guidelines to help us recognize shortfalls in a procedure and make necessary changes. Measurement guides our decision-making and provides benchmarks for optimal outcomes.
Performance measures give providers a way to assess themselves as well as their patients. In a recent article entitled The ABCs of Measurement, the National Quality Forum (NQF) discusses the use of performance measures in evaluating optimal care and how they can improve quality and safety for patients (1). The NQF offers guidelines, derived from providers and patients, that health professionals should incorporate into their care regimens. This allows for a standardized, yet comprehensive review of the system and incorporates every endpoint of care. “Measures light the way, showing where systems are breaking down and where they are succeeding to help patients get and stay well” (1).
Further, measurement drives improvement, informs consumers and influences payment (1). Measures drive improvement through review of processes and adjustment of care. One example of this can be seen in physical therapy practices, ongoing measurement of a patient’s strength, range of motion and functional ability allow a physical therapist to evaluate effectiveness of treatment being applied and make necessary adjustments to subsequent treatment. Measures educate consumers, allowing them to better understand their condition, assess the quality of care being provided make informed decisions. Finally, measures also allow payors to accurately and fairly evaluate caregivers and patient progress.
What are the key components of measurement? Communication and monitoring. A continuous feedback loop where patients and providers can actively engage ensures improvement in quality of care. This also allows patients to report errors and potential mishaps in their care. For example, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Hospital uses performance measures of patient care and public reporting of results (1). A database has been created to track all patient feedback, which is then used to prioritize improvement initiatives. Communication ensures that patients “get better and stay better.” A rural hospital in northern California’s Humboldt County has significantly improved outcomes through new models of patient monitoring. The hospital discovered, through measurement, that patients needed “more follow up: more education, more explicit linking back to primary care, and more help managing their chronic conditions” (1).
Clinics leverage technology to become better informed. The NQF endorses wider use of electronic health records (EHRs) suggesting that, “EHRs will also make measurement and performance data available on a real-time basis, making healthcare much more responsive to patient needs.”
So how do we apply health care measurement in physical therapy? What tools do we have at our disposal to document patient performance and drive better care? Best practices dictate that we start the rehabilitation process by gathering baseline data against a set of standardized objective scales i.e. strength, range of motion and balance. Ongoing tracking of these metrics keep therapists and patients focused on specific, measurable goals. Engaging the patient in this process will allow providers to constantly re-evaluate care and make necessary adjustments. Available technology like the FORCE TherEx platform facilitates a continuous feedback loop between patient and provider. The NQF has made it a priority to endorse the use of performance measures to improve the healthcare system and it is imperative that we apply these standards the arena of physical therapy; “Measures can best succeed when they are backed by all involved in healthcare, reported to the public, and used for continuous improvement.”
In the wellness arena, measurement devices and applications like ‘fitbit’ and ‘runkeeper’ have demonstrated traction with consumers. It seems that people manage what they measure, in which case, including patients in monitoring their physical progress should improve their participation in rehab programs and their resultant outcomes.
Resources
1. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF). 2010 . The ABCs of Measurement, National Quality Forum, www.qualityforum.org/Measuring_Performance/ABCs_of_Measurement.aspx.
Authored by Bronwyn Spira, PT. Bronwyn Spira is Founder and President of Force Therapeutics, a web-based comprehensive patient management solution for physical therapists. She owns a private practice in New York City where she treats orthopedic and sports injured patients. Bronwyn can be reached at bronwyn@forcetherapeutics.com. Force Therapeutics can be found at www.forcetherex.com.


